Group Research: Networking-101

What is a computer network?
A computer network is a collection of computer and other kind of hardware connected to one another by communication devices that can be used to share any kinds of information and resources

Define and explain visually the difference between these different types of networks:
Local Area Network: LANs link computers in the close proximity to one another. It makes it easy to share the information on one computer to the other.
Wide Area Networks: WANs do the same as LANS (sharing computer’s information from one to another) but with a far apart proximity of half a mile or more.
Internet: The internet is a global network that connects from any part of the world to another. Using the internet, we can share information all across the planet to anyone.
Intranet: Intranet is a network that is restricted or private on the internet.
Metropoliatan Area Networks: MANs are computer networks made for the size of a city or a very large campus. MANs connect the networks of LANs to form.
Virtual Private Network: VPNs use the Internet to connect intermediate networks to smaller networks that would normally be impossible to connect to.

How do these two types of networks differ?
In a peer-to-peer network a group of computers is connected together so that users can share resources and information. There is no central location for authenticating users, storing files, or accessing resources. This means that users must remember which computers in the workgroup have the shared resource or information that they want to access. It also means that users must log on to each computer to access the shared resources on that computer.

In a server-based network, the server is the central location where users share and access network resources This dedicated computer controls the level of access that users have to shared resources. Shared data is in one location, making it easy to back up critical business information. Each computer that connects to the network is called a client computer. In a server-based network, users have one user account and password to log on to the server and to access shared resources.

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What is the difference between a client and a server?

Client is a smaller computer through which the information or application stored on the server is accessed by the user whereas server is a powerful computer that stores the data files and applications.

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What is the OSI model?
Essentially all networks that are used today are at least partially based on the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) standard. Developed in 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the standard is based on the OSI Reference Model, which is “a set of seven layers that define the different stages that data must go through to travel from one device to another over a network”

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Identity 5 different network architectures, explain what each does.
LAN – Local Area Network – connects network devices over a relatively short distance
MAN – Metropolitan Area Network – a network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN
WAN – Wide Area Network – connects network devices over a wide distance- the internet is the largest WAN
WLAN – Wireless Local Area Network – connects network devices over a relatively short distance using Wi-Fi connections
SAN – Storage Area Network – connects servers to data storage devices
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Define and visual explain what the following terms mean:
Protocols: Protocols are digital messaging formats which have rules for how to exchange messages in or between computer systems.

TCP/IP: Internet Protocol suite is the set of protocols on the Internet. The are the most popular protocol stacks for the WANs.
FTP: File Transfer Protocol is the regular network protocol that can move one file from one computer to another over the Internet.
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the base of all data communication on the Internet. It is an application protocol which can distribute, collect, and spread information all over the world wide web.
Telnet: Telnet is used on the Internet or LANs for links to be sent from one computer to another.
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What is a router?
Routers transmit information between multiple interconnected networks and relay data to its destination.

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What is a network firewall?
A network firewall protects a computer network from unauthorized access and prevent the interception of data on the network.
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What is the difference between a web and ftp server?
Web servers “deliver […] content, [including] web pages, using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), over the World Wide Web”. The term can equally refer to the computer running the program. The FTP (File Transfer Protocol) server makes it possible to move, upload, download and transfer files online.

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What is an IP address?
Each machine in a network has a ‘unique identifier,’ which is distinct from every other computer. In the TCP/IP protocol this identifier is known as the IP address. IP addresses use binary bits to create a unique string of numbers separated by periods (IP version 4) or colons (IPv6).